urban permaculture in containers?

Is there anyway to apply permaculture design principles and practices in an urban no garden setting, like in a big balcony, patio or rooftop garden. Really interested in how soil micro biology and SFW works in this situation. I understand a big part of introducing the soil life is making compost, but from what I’ve been reading , the plants diversity and root exudates control and manage the micro organisms in the soil, since in potted gardens this interaction isn’t really an option on a large scale since every plant or small number of plants is isolated in a pot , is it still doable to improve soil overtime by reusing the same soil over and over and amending it with home made compost or any other practices, or is it just impossible to do in pots instead of in ground.

Any thoughts?