guildfordcycads

Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements

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Seasonal variation of canopy vertical structural profiles measured at two temperate forests: intercomparison of tower, mast, crane, and UAV measurements

Abstract

Key message

Evaluated tower, mast, crane, and UAV methods for forest vertical gap fraction, LAI, and CI measurements in different seasons. UAV is promising for forest vertical structural profiling.

Abstract

The vertical distribution of canopy structural parameters, such as canopy gap fraction, leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index (CI), is important for understanding the forest structural and functional properties. However, vertically distributed canopy structural data are rare, and current methods are either inefficient or costly for obtaining sufficient amounts of such data. This study conducted a series of field campaigns to obtain forest vertical structural measurements at two temperate forest sites in northern China from 2020 to 2023. Four different measurement systems were compared: (1) flux towers with accessible platforms at different heights, (2) a portable and extensible sampling mast with a digital hemispherical photography (DHP) camera attached on top, (3) a tower crane with a DHP camera fixed on the crane hook, and (4) an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) with a DHP camera attached on top. The measured effective plant area index (PAIeff) shows clearly seasonal variations at different heights. The CI remains relatively consistent at different heights, and the leaf-off value is approximately 0.1−0.2 higher than the leaf-on one. The flux tower method can be used for vertical profile measurement at a fixed location, whereas the portable mast is suitable for lower-level (< 15 m) measurement. Crane measurement requires an established facility and is useful for local measurement around the crane. UAV with an attached DHP provides a promising method for monitoring vertical structural parameters. The vertical structural profiles obtained in this study can be used in various modeling and validation studies.

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2 acres close to a river

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2 acres close to a river

Hei, we are considering buying a little property (not our final home) close to a river which possibly can rise up to about 7 meters (23 feet).

We have not being on site yet and I’d like some info on how to calculate where the water line would be in case of worst case flom scenario. We have a map made from the a state Department and it seems that all of the property would get flooded. I want to learn how to calculate up to which level of the house and the barn the water could get.

Thanks 🌱

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Cycas pranburiensis: The Pranburi Cycad

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🌿 Discover the Perfect Plants for Your Space! 🌿 Explore our handpicked collection of cycads, aloes, seeds, and more to transform your garden or landscape. Shop Now Discovery and Taxonomy The story of Cycas pranburiensis, the Pranburi Cycad, begins with its exciting discovery in the verdant landscapes of Thailand. While exploring the diverse flora of

Cycas pranburiensis: The Pranburi Cycad Read More »

Aloe hardyi: Hardy’s Aloe – South African Endemic

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🌿 Discover the Perfect Plants for Your Space! 🌿 Explore our handpicked collection of cycads, aloes, seeds, and more to transform your garden or landscape. Shop Now Description and characteristics Aloe hardyi, a captivating member of the succulent world, stands out even among its striking aloe brethren. This rare aloe, endemic to South Africa, boasts

Aloe hardyi: Hardy’s Aloe – South African Endemic Read More »

Aloe cryptoflora: The Hidden-flower Aloe – Concealed Blooms

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🌿 Discover the Perfect Plants for Your Space! 🌿 Explore our handpicked collection of cycads, aloes, seeds, and more to transform your garden or landscape. Shop Now The botanical world is full of surprises, and Aloe cryptoflora is a prime example. This remarkable succulent, a true hidden gem, was only recently discovered, adding another fascinating

Aloe cryptoflora: The Hidden-flower Aloe – Concealed Blooms Read More »