guildfordcycads

My Agave ovatifolia lives on in a lab…

My Agave ovatifolia lives on in a lab...

When last I wrote about the melting Agave ovatifolia in the front corner of my garden (here) I was soliciting ideas for what to plant in its place. The day after I published that post I got an email from a fellow named Logan Collier who works for Bartlett Tree Experts…”I’ve been subscribed to your blog for a while, thank you for all your entertaining posts, I have learned a lot! Before you rip that agave out of the ground I could send it to my diagnostic lab to see why it declined. Let me know if you would like to do that.” You know what my first thought was right? “How much is that gonna cost?” Turns out nothing, Logan was curious and wanted to learn more about pest and disease issues on agaves.

We agreed he’d come by and pick up the agave the following Monday, which gave me a few days to get it dug out. Except later that day I happened to wiggle the center of the agave (as one does) and it came loose in my hand. Gross.

Then I saw that little bugger (circled) and freaked out. Could it be? Please don’t let it be larvae of the dreaded agave snout weevil! It sunk back into the goo quickly after I took that photo and I didn’t see it (or others that size) again. 
Lots of Googling ensued and I ended up pretty sure it wasn’t snout weevil larvae…but of course I was in full panic mode and needed to get the agave out right that very minute.
The soil was bone dry and the roots severed pretty easily.
Even the good looking half of the agave had some ugly on the bottom of the leaves.
Poor thing…
Where it was…
Agave no more… well, no more of that one, there are still plenty of other agaves in the area.
Here’s the report I received from Logan once the testing was complete…
Depending on how you’re reading this you should be able to click on the image to enlarge the report if you want, but here’s the important part: “Sequencing did not reveal any pathogenic bacteria but did confirm the presence of the fungus Fusarium solani (see second and third photos), one of the causal agents of the disease agave wilt. Most fungi and bacteria that kill agave enter the crown of the plant through agave snout weevil wounds, but there were no signs of insects or insect damage on the sample. F. solani is soil-borne and may have infected this plant through the roots, causing both root and crown rot.”
And then there’s the final section of the report, the recommendations, which warns…
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Oops
Ya. I just couldn’t handle the bare spot and even before Logan had offered to do the testing I’d mentally filled it with one of my Agave ovatifolia in waiting (the one I labeled with “This poor guy would love to get in the ground” in this post). Normally I would never plant an agave in September (wanting to give them time to get established before winter), but I’d started to hate the look of this one in its container, and it was so totally rootbound that I rationalized that putting it in the ground was the humane thing to do. 
So now that I know there’s an issue in the soil I’m looking at the other agaves nearby, like this NoID…
And this little Agave parryi ssp. huachucensis ‘Excelsior’.
See what I mean by little? Such a slow grower. I wonder if they’ll be okay? They’ve been in the ground quite awhile now.
When planting the new agave I also squeezed in a dryland fern, Cheilanthes sieberi, on the left. Why not!?
I’ve really been loving how the new Agave ovatifolia picks up the afternoon sunlight, however that warm fuzzy feeling is tempered by the fact I now know I’ve sentenced it to death. I wonder how long it will look good? 
Oh, that reminds me, the title of this post! Logan said that Bartlett’s new molecular diagnostician is going to keep DNA from my agave’s Fusarium cultures as positive controls for future testing. You guys… my agave died for science!!!
Okay, let’s end this post with a happy agave update. Remember these ugly things? No? Last January I stopped to photograph a hellstrip planting in San Diego (here) which included these sad Agave attenuata bulbils…
I rescued a couple that were on the ground, and brought them home (that’s Andrew holding them for my haul post).
Look at them now! Or rather last week when they were still outside, now they’re in the basement—we had a low of 39F two nights in a row! Anyway, they’ve grown so much, I’ve never had an agave pup grow so fast. Yay! 
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Observing cardboard

Observing cardboard

Through the summer, a variety of projects left me with a lot of cardboard. Sounds like a good problem to have, but between the cardboard pile and the yield of using it, there’s the chore of getting all the plastic tape and strapping off of it. They’re essential to the integrity of larger cartons in transit, but not something I want in my soil.

The late end of the time frame when the plastic can come off the cardboard is when UV damage fractures the tape into a zillion little flecks of dandruff. Clearing it from the cardboard before then is important, but the UV degradation phase can be delayed by leaving the cardboard tape-side-down while it’s outdoors.

The early end of the time frame when the plastic and cardboard can be separated is as soon as it arrives. At that point in its life cycle, the adhesive from tape to cardboard is still extremely strong, as are the bonds between the various layers of fibers that comprise the cardboard. When the tape and cardboard are brand new, the tape sticks extremely well, which means it takes more effort to remove. Plus the tape can break under the forces of trying to pull its adhesive off the cardboard, which requires prying up the little broken end of tape and starting again, and it’s generally time consuming and obnoxious.

The “tape loves sticking to cardboard” thing is actually an incomplete assessment, though: Tape loves sticking to DRY cardboard. As soon as the layer of fibers under the adhesive gets damp enough to be floppy like cloth instead of stiff like paper, one of two things happens: Either the adhesive gives up entirely and the tape comes right off with barely any force, or the very outermost layer of the cardboard comes off with the tape and leaves all the rest of its biomass behind to be useful.

The easiest possible time to separate the plastic and cardboard seems to me to be after it’s been rained on a couple times, but before the plastic or cardboard has completely given up yet. There’s probably a second local maximum of easiness that could be reached by adding enough water to turn the cardboard to pulp and then screening out the plastic bits, but then the byproduct is pulp rather than cardboard sheets, and cardboard sheets are useful.

In the recent case I discarded the plastic strapping along with the tape, because I already have quite a bit of it saved up. The stiffer almost-solid plastic version of that stuff can be used like corset boning to add structure to any textile item if you sew, and the nicer woven kind can be used in place of nylon webbing in a lot of applications as long as you’re careful to melt the ends so it doesn’t fray out. The stiffer plastic kind of that webbing can be doubled up into a bulkier and only slightly weaker alternative to spring steel when making or mending anything that takes that thin flexible steel — think pop-up laundry hampers, fabric cat tunnels, etc. It’s not worth the combination of time and storage space for me to sort it out of the waste stream right this minute, but it can be useful for infrequent applications.

This particular cardboard packaging included some of that honeycomb-looking kind and also some of the very solid corner pieces that are almost like the material of a hardback book cover. The glue on the honeycomb stuff disintegrated completely with a bit of moisture exposure, so although I was feeling a little tempted to try using its little compartments for seed-starting, it would probably have fallen apart if I’d done that.

This time around, all the little bits and pieces of cardboard went onto my biodegradeables midden. That’s the out-of-the-way pile where I put stuff that will return to the earth on its own but wouldn’t make sense to burn or grow food in, mostly junk composite wood products like this cardboard, and also used cat litter.

For now, the sheets of cardboard that I harvested from the pile of junk boxes are suppressing weeds on the floor of a shed that I recently put up. They’ll rot slower there because it’s dry, and eventually when I want cardboard for garden projects, I can easily steal some from the shed. Or maybe I’ll leave them there too long and they’ll start turning into soil, which I would scrape out and use elsewhere if I wanted to put down a different ground treatment in the shed.

One of my favorite ways to use cardboard is as a weed barrier around newly planted trees. Shingling or perforating the cardboard so rain can get in to the roots for the first few seasons is important, as cardboard is enough to keep the soil beneath it quite dry during light summer rains. But the payoff to putting cardboard around little trees out in nature is that it makes it visually obvious which little trees I put there on purpose, versus which are volunteers.

There’s also a whole corner of YouTube where people make quite impressive furniture from cardboard and glue. But that stuff is for the kind of dry climates that you only get indoors around here for the wet half of the year (PNW 8B).

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