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Keeping houseplants healthy and thriving starts with one of the most essential aspects of plant care: watering. While it may seem as simple as pouring water into the soil, many plant parents make common mistakes that can lead to overwatering, underwatering, or even plant disease. We’re going to walk you through everything you need to […]

The post How To Water House Plants The Right Way appeared first on Clever Bloom.

Have you ever wondered what exactly is in the products you use every day? Many of us are surprised to learn that some common personal care and household items may contain phthalates—chemicals used to make plastics flexible and to help scents last longer. While you […]

Here’s a look at three of the most important team-building barriers to overcome to provide long-term success for your greenhouse operation.

The post How To Overcome Barriers When Building Your Greenhouse Team appeared first on Greenhouse Grower.

Abstract

This study describes mucous cell (MC) parameters in barrier epithelial tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles reared in freshwater flow-through (FT) and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Using Veribarr™ technology, we found no significant differences in the mean MC size and abundance in the gill lamella and skin between FT and RAS systems (p > 0.05, lme). Notably, 100% of gill lamella MC parameters in RAS facilities fell within the most common range (mean ± 0.5 standard deviation, 38% confidence interval) for farmed salmon gill mucosa, whereas MC parameters in only 20% of FT facilities fell in this most typical range. The differences between individual FT facilities resulted in a greater variability in MC parameters compared to RAS facilities, especially in the gills, likely due to a more controlled environment in RAS. MC sizes and abundances in gills at some FT facilities were comparable to those reported in wild Atlantic salmon juveniles. This finding suggests that the water conditions at these facilities may not evoke a response from the gill mucosa, possibly indicating an environment better suited to the natural physiology of Atlantic salmon. Facility-specific conditions, rather than system-specific conditions, play an important role in the health of salmon barrier tissues. The study underscores the potential of using MC parameters as a monitoring tool, paving the way for innovative baseline health promotion as a preventative disease control strategy in aquaculture systems.

Abstract

The effect of replacing fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LnO) in rohu, Labeo rohita (initial weight 19.1 ± 0.1 g), diets was evaluated in a 90-day feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isolipidic (11% crude lipid) diets were prepared by substitution of FO (7% FO in the control) with LnO (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Responses of the fish were tested in triplicate for each diet. Partial replacements up to 75% did not cause any significant change in growth performance and feed efficiency. However, total replacement of FO significantly reduced growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05). Survival, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) as well as whole-body proximate composition were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The ratio of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) increased in the muscle and liver with the increasing level of dietary LnO, while the percentage levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) decreased. However, EPA and DHA were in considerable level (3.3 and 18.6%, respectively) in muscle even when fed diet with 100% LnO. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were not influenced by dietary treatments, averaging 2.2 × 10⁶ U/L, 7.6 g/L, and 27.8%, respectively. On the other hand, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in serum were significantly elevated with the LnO inclusion levels (P < 0.05), reaching the highest levels (33.0 and 310.7 U/L, respectively) when LnO totally replaced FO. Cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipid (HDL), and low-density lipid (LDL) levels were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLU) were not significantly changed, averaging 1.5 nmol/mL and 20.8 g/dL, respectively. In the liver and serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased (P < 0.05) with the dietary LnO inclusion. Our results indicate that FO can be substituted with LnO up to 75% in practical diet formulations for rohu without any considerable negative effect, which will substantially decrease the dependency on dietary FO.