With its bold, waxy leaves and fiery red margins, Cotyledon orbiculata is a dramatic yet practical succulent that thrives in both pots and outdoor landscapes.
Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as Pig’s Ear, is a hardy, fleshy-leaved succulent native to South Africa, where it grows in arid and semi-arid regions. The nickname comes from the plant’s thick, oval-shaped leaves which resemble actual pig’s ears—especially when edged in red.
The plant can grow up to 4 feet tall and wide, making it one of the larger succulents in home cultivation. Its upright branches and bell-shaped orange-red flowers also make it a pollinator favorite, attracting hummingbirds and bees.
Because of its tolerance for drought and heat, Pig’s Ear is a favorite for rock gardens, xeriscaping, and patio containers, but it also adapts well to indoor growing with the right care.
Quick Care Guide
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Common Names | Pig’s Ear, Round-leafed Navelwort |
| Botanical Name | Cotyledon orbiculata |
| Family | Crassulaceae |
| Plant Type | Succulent, evergreen subshrub |
| Mature Size | 2–4 feet tall and wide |
| Sun Exposure | Full sun to light shade |
| Soil Type | Gritty, well-draining |
| Soil pH | Neutral to slightly acidic |
| Bloom Time | Summer (in warm zones) |
| Flower Colors | Orange, red, salmon |
| Hardiness Zones | 9–11 (USDA); 8 with protection |
| Toxicity | Toxic to pets (contains cardiac glycosides) |
How to Care for Pig’s Ear
Light Requirements
Pig’s Ear prefers full sun to partial shade:
- Outdoors: Thrives in direct sun for 6+ hours
- Indoors: Needs a very bright window—south- or west-facing is best
Insufficient light can lead to leggy growth and loss of leaf color intensity. The red margins become more pronounced with sun exposure.
Soil Preference
In its native habitat, Cotyledon grows in gravelly, fast-draining soil. Replicating this at home is essential.
Ideal Mix:
- 2 parts cactus/succulent mix
- 1 part coarse sand or pumice
- Optionally, add crushed granite for outdoor plantings
Always use containers with drainage holes. In wet climates, elevate the plant or use mounded beds.
Watering Needs
Pig’s Ear is very drought-tolerant. Overwatering is the primary cause of failure.
- Spring–Fall: Water only when the soil is completely dry
- Winter: Water sparingly or not at all—this is its rest period
Allow water to drain fully. Never let it sit in soggy soil.
Signs of underwatering: shriveled leaves
Signs of overwatering: yellowing, mushy stems or base
Temperature and Humidity
- Ideal range: 65–80°F (18–27°C)
- Cold tolerance: Down to 25°F (-4°C) briefly, but frost can damage leaves
- Humidity: Low to moderate; excellent air circulation is key
If grown in a region with wet winters, plant in pots or raised beds to control moisture exposure.
Flowering Behavior
When mature and well-cared for, Pig’s Ear blooms in mid to late summer, sending up tall flowering stalks bearing:
- Hanging, tubular bell-shaped flowers
- Colors range from salmon to deep red
- Flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds
Blooms are more likely if:
- The plant receives ample sunlight
- Winter rest is observed (cooler temps, less water)
- It is slightly root-bound
Pruning and Maintenance
- Remove spent flower stalks at the base once dry
- Remove lower leaves only when fully withered
- Light pruning can shape the plant in spring
- Always use sterilized, sharp scissors or pruners
Propagation Methods
Cotyledon orbiculata is easy to propagate by stem cuttings or leaf cuttings.
For Stem Cuttings:
- Cut a healthy stem section (4–6 inches long)
- Allow to callous for 3–5 days in a dry, shaded spot
- Plant in well-draining soil, water after one week
For Leaf Cuttings:
- Gently remove a full, healthy leaf
- Let it callous, then lay on dry soil surface
- Roots and new rosettes appear in 3–4 weeks
Repotting Tips
Repot every 2–3 years, or when rootbound. Spring is the best time:
- Choose a pot just slightly larger than the root ball
- Avoid damaging leaves—they break easily
- Refresh the soil to prevent compaction and salt buildup
Common Problems & Prevention
| Issue | Symptoms | Prevention / Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Overwatering | Root rot, yellow leaves, plant collapse | Reduce frequency, improve drainage |
| Leaf drop | Sudden changes or overwatering | Allow acclimation, keep watering consistent |
| Pest issues | Mealybugs, aphids | Treat with neem oil or insecticidal soap |
| Sunburn | White/brown leaf patches | Acclimate slowly to full sun |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why are the red edges on my leaves fading?
A: This is usually due to low light. Move your plant into brighter conditions for more dramatic coloration.
Q: Can I grow Pig’s Ear indoors all year?
A: Yes, but it needs very bright light, such as a sunny windowsill or a grow light. Without it, growth will be sparse.
Q: Are pets safe around Cotyledon orbiculata?
A: No. The plant is toxic to cats, dogs, and other animals if ingested due to the presence of cardiac glycosides.
Q: Should I fertilize?
A: Feed once a month during spring and summer using a balanced, diluted succulent fertilizer. Skip during fall and winter.
Final Thoughts
Cotyledon orbiculata is a bold, resilient succulent that offers both architectural foliage and seasonal blooms. With the right light and watering discipline, it will thrive for years—indoors or out.
Avoid overwatering, keep it bright, and let it show off those red edges with pride.
The post Cotyledon orbiculata (Pig’s Ear): Growth and Care Guide appeared first on Smart Plants.
