Summary
Transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial life required specialized vascular tissues, with xylem enabling water transport and structural support. Vascular-related NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) domain (VND) transcription factors regulate xylem development by orchestrating secondary cell wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death. This review examines recent advances in understanding VND function in xylem vessel development, focusing on their structure, regulatory networks, downstream targets, and molecular events in Arabidopsis thaliana, while highlighting key open questions in vessel differentiation.
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